Wireless System for Intelligent Applications in Safe Intersections
Financed by The Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI), project number PN-III-P2-2.1-PED2019-5296, Competitiveness through research, development and innovation: Experimental Demonstrative Project, Duration: 9.11.2020 – 8.11.2022
[ROMÂNĂ]
Vehiculele moderne beneficiază deja de dotări pentru asistența șoferului pentru a face condusul mai sigur și mai confortabil. Cu toate acestea, participanți la trafic vulnerabili, precum pietonii și bicicliștii, pot beneficia de această tehnologie doar dacă pot fi detectați de senzorii vehiculului. Adesea, situațiile de trafic îngreunează acest lucru, având în vedere că alte vehicule și infrastructura urbană pot obstrucționa vizibilitatea acestor participanți la trafic. Aceasta situație este relevantă în mod deosebit pentru intersecții, locurile cu cele mai mari probleme de trafic. Această provocare poate fi abordată prin aducerea unor tehnologii validate deja pe vehicule în infrastructură.
Astfel de soluții implică concepte pentru creșterea siguranței în intersecții prin detectarea participanților la trafic, fuziunea și difuzarea informațiilor colectate de senzori montați in intersecție, în scopul aplicațiilor de siguranță în timp real. Aceste concepte presupun folosirea unor senzori precum camera video sau radare precum si a unor tehnici de telecomunicații specifice. Într-un astfel de concept precizia cu care are loc localizarea participanților la trafic este vitală.
În cadrul proiectului WiS4IASI – „Sistem Wireless pentru Aplicații de Siguranță în Intersecții Inteligente” s-a realizat o analiză experimentală de tehnologii de comunicații wireless (5G și UWB) utilizabile pentru localizarea participanților la trafic într-o intersecție. Deasemenea, s-au demonstrat tehnologii de radiolocalizare cu precizie ridicată a participanților la trafic într-o intersecție și s-a propus un concept de localizare colaborativă prin fuzionarea informațiilor provenite de la diferiți senzori (camere, senzori radio), concept integrat într-o aplicație software specifică pentru intersecții inteligente.
[ENGLISH]
Modern vehicles already have driver assistance features to make driving safer and more comfortable. However, vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and cyclists can only benefit from this technology if they can be detected by the vehicle’s sensors. Traffic situations often make this difficult, as other vehicles and urban infrastructure can obstruct the visibility of these road users. This situation is particularly relevant for intersections, the places with the biggest traffic issues. This challenge can be addressed by bringing technologies already validated on vehicles into the infrastructure.
Such solutions involve concepts for increasing intersection safety by detecting traffic participants, fusing and disseminating the information collected by intersection-mounted sensors for real-time safety applications. These concepts involve the use of sensors such as video cameras or radars as well as specific telecommunication techniques. In such a concept, the precision with which the traffic participants are located is vital.
Within the WiS4IASI project – „Wireless System for Intelligent Applications in Safe Intersections” an experimental analysis of wireless communication technologies (5G and UWB) usable for locating traffic participants in an intersection was carried out. Also, technologies for high-precision radio localization of traffic participants in an intersection were demonstrated and a collaborative localization concept was proposed to fuse the information from different sensors (cameras, radio sensors), concept integrated into a specific software application for smart intersections.
Ciprian Romeo Comsa, Grant director
Ion Bogdan, experienced researcher
Constantin-Florin Caruntu, experienced researcher
Vlad-Mihai Chiriac, experienced researcher
Recent studies show that the car of the future will be CASE, i.e. it will incorporate the following features: connected, autonomous, shared, electrified. Modern vehicles already have driver assistance features to make driving safer and more comfortable. However, vulnerable road users (VRU), e.g., pedestrians or cyclists, would benefit from this technology only if they can be detected by vehicle sensors. Often, traffic situations make this difficult. Other vehicles and urban infrastructure may obstruct the visibility of these traffic participants.
It is expected that by 2050, twice as many people will live in cities as compared to today. In this context, individual urban mobility is a desire that raises more and more issues. Vision Zero is a vision of mobility without road accidents. This is particularly relevant for intersections, places with the biggest traffic problems. This challenge can be addressed by bringing in technologies already validated on vehicles in infrastructure.
In this context, Continental Automotive’s initiative is one of the kinds to develop concepts for increasing safety at intersections by detecting traffic participants, merging and disseminating information collected by intersecting sensors for real-time safety applications. These concepts involve the use of radar sensors and specific communication techniques. In such a concept, the accuracy with which the location of the traffic participants takes place is vital. The project aims to combine the concept of intelligent intersection with that of MIMO radar in order to increase the accuracy of the location of the traffic participants. The results will include the experimental and analytical demonstration of these concepts and their crowning will be given by the demonstration of an integrated road safety application at the intelligent intersection.
Objective 1: Wireless communication system (for infrastructure to road users) experimental demonstration. High Accuracy MIMO localization experimental demonstration (wireless communication-based system):
Objective 2: High Accuracy MIMO-RADAR localization experimental demonstration (radar based):
Objective 3: Fused localization (radar and communication) concept demonstration: Validation of the concept by developing integrated intersection safety application:
Outcomes and Deliverables:
The deliverables associated with each activity in accordance with the proposed outcomes (Out1 – Out3) are defined as follows:
Out1: Physical wireless communication localization system implemented, demonstrated and documented
Out2: Physical demonstration of MIMO concept for radar, implemented and documented
Out3: Fusion concept analytical and simulation demonstration based on real signals collected from the MIMO radar and communication systems; concept used within an integrated intersection safety SW application
Localization techniques and V2X communications (Tehnici de localizare utilizând tehnologii de comunicații inter-vehiculare V2X)
Intelligent Intersection concept by Continental Automotive (Concept de Intersecție inteligentă prezentat de Continental Automotive),
https://www.continental.com/en/products-and-innovation/innovation/our-vision-for-tomorrow/intelligent-intersection
Traffic scenario simulation for the Podu Ros intersection of Iasi, Romania: safe pedestrian crossing (Exemplu de simulare a unei situații de trafic în intersecția Podu Roș, Iași, România: (a) Trecerea unui pieton în siguranță (b) și (c) Vehiculul cedează trecerea pietonului)
Indoor radio localization of a mobile robot (Experiment pentru localizarea radio indoor, a unui robot mobil)
Indoor radio localization of a drone (Experiment pentru localizarea radio indoor, a unei drone)
Outdoor localization of a pedestrian crossing in front of a car (Experiment pentru localizarea radio outdoor, a unui pieton și a unui autovehicul)
Pedestrians’ detection, classification and localization (Experiment pentru detecția, clasificarea și radiolocalizarea a doi pietoni)
Car and pedestrian detection, classification and radiolocalization (Experiment pentru detecția, clasificarea și radiolocalizarea a unui pieton și a unui autovehicul)
Militaru A.V., C.F. Caruntu, and C.R. Comsa, Application Design Principles for Road Users’ Safety, International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems, Iasi, Romania, 2021. (ISI proceedings)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9497370
Bonea A., C. Patachia-Sultanoiu, M. Iordache, I. Constantin, A. Radulescu, C.R. Comsa, and C.F. Caruntu, Automated Onboarding, Testing and Validation Framework for NetApps, International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems, Iasi, Romania, 2021. (ISI proceedings)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9497420
Caruntu C.F., A.V. Militaru, and C.R. Comsa, Cyber-Physical Systems-based Architecture for Signalized Traffic Corridors: Monitoring and Synchronized Coordination, International Conference on Control Systems and Computer Science, Bucharest, Romania, 2021. (ISI proceedings)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9481022
Craciunescu R., C. Patachia-Sultanoiu, O. Fratu, and I. Bogdan, Testing Scenarios for off-the-shelf 5G devices, International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking, Bucharest, Romania, 2021. (ISI proceedings)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9527769
Patachia-Sultanoiu C., I. Bogdan, G. Suciu, A. Vulpe, O. Badita, and B. Rusti, Advanced 5G Architectures for Future NetApps and Verticals, International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking, Bucharest, Romania, 2021. (ISI proceedings)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9527889
Militaru A.V., R.G. Lazar, C.F. Caruntu, C.R. Comsa, and I. Bogdan, Analysis of message flow transmissions for an inter-vehicle communication scenario, 15th International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Ploiesti, Romania, 2022. (ISI proceedings)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9847482
Lazar R.G., C.F. Caruntu, and C. Patachia-Sultanoiu, Simulated and practical approach to assess the reliability of the 5G communications for the Uu interface, 14th International Conference on Communications, Bucharest, Romania, 2022. (ISI proceedings)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9817312
Lazar R.G., A.V. Militaru, C.F. Caruntu, and C. Patachia-Sultanoiu, Performance analysis of 5G communication based on distance evaluation using the SIM8200EA-M2 module, 26th International Conference on System Theory, Control and Computing , Sinaia, Romania, 2022. (ISI proceedings)
Abunei A., C.R. Comsa, C.F. Caruntu, and I. Bogdan, Redundancy based V2V communication platform for vehicle platooning, International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems, Iasi, Romania, 2019. (ISI proceedings)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8801781
Abunei A., C.R. Comsa, D. Mnesciuc, M. Ferent, and A. Drenciu, Open source hardware and software V2V emergency braking warning application, 10th International Conference on Electronics Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Iasi, Romania, 2018. (ISI proceedings)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8678959
Abunei A., C.R. Comsa, and I. Bogdan, Implementation of ETSI ITS-G5 based inter-vehicle communication embedded system, International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems, Iasi, Romania, 2017. (ISI proceedings)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8034921
Comsa C.R., Source Localization via Time Difference of Arrival, ISBN: 978-606-13-3394-3, Editura PIM, 2016, Iaşi.
Abunei A., C.R. Comsa, and I. Bogdan, Implementation of a cost-effective V2X hardware and software platform, International Conference on Communications, Bucharest, Romania, pp. 367-370, 2016. (ISI proceedings)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7528312
Abunei A., C.R. Comsa, and I. Bogdan, RSS improvement in VANETs by auxiliary transmission at 700 MHz, International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems, Iasi, Romania, 2015. (ISI proceedings)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7203998
Comsa C.R., Array processing for passive localization of a source in the near field, International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems, Iasi, Romania, 2013. (ISI proceedings)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6651187
Comsa C.R. and A.M. Haimovich, Performance bound for time delay and amplitude estimation from low rate samples of pulse trains, 20th European Signal Processing Conference, Bucharest, Romania, 2012. (ISI proceedings)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6334058
Comsa C.R., A.M. Haimovich, S. Schwartz, Y.H. Dobyns, and J.A. Dabin, Source localization using time difference of arrival within a sparse representation framework, International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Prague, Czech Republic, 2011. (ISI proceedings)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5947084
Comsa C.R., A.M. Haimovich, S. Schwartz, Y.H. Dobyns, and J.A. Dabin, Time difference of arrival based source localization within a sparse representation framework, 45th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, Baltimore, MD, USA, 2011.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5766147
Comsa C.R., J. Luo, A. M. Haimovich, and S. Schwartz, Wireless localization using time difference of arrival in narrow-band multipath systems, International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems, Iaşi, Romania, pp. 469 – 472, 2007. (ISI proceedings)
Our solution is based on creating the ability of passenger cars to coordinate their driving behavior when passing through intelligent intersections equipped with smart infrastructure.
Let’s improve safety and efficiency by developing collaborative traffic functions in
smart intersections!
